One scientist writing for Science Magazine perceives the trend as follows:
"In modern nations, nonreligion and the acceptance
of evolution become popular when the
middle class majority feels sufficiently secure and safe,
thanks to low income inequality, universal health care,
job and retirement security...Religion thrives
when the majority seek the aid and protection of
supernatural powers because they are impoverished,
as in the third- and second-world countries."
Notice the following graph, where wealth is plotted against religiosity:
Interestingly, the United States is the only "First World" country that is an exception to this general trend. It has one of the highest Per Capita GDP, but it is far more religious than other "First World" countries, with around 60% of the population either 'not sure' or 'completely against' evolution.
"In the case of the United States... the majority of
Americans fear losing their middle-class status as a result
of limited government support, high levels of social pathology,
and intense economic competition and income disparity."
Particularly separating the United States from other "First World" countries is its income disparity: the wealthiest 1% of Americans own 33% of the wealth, while the wealthiest 20% of Americans own more than 80% of the wealth. According to this scientist's viewpoint, this disparity is what allows America to be wealthy and have a high religiosity at the same time. Additionally, this may not change very much, as:
"More than 60 percent of Americans whose parents scaled the top 20% of the income ladder have reached the top 20% themselves... By contrast, 65 percent of Americans with parents from the lowest fifth of earners remain stuck in the bottom two-fifths."
Given the findings, does this mean the American Dream conflicts with religious belief?
Given the US's wealth distribution, do you think the American Dream more myth or reality? Is religion merely a function of security?
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*Religiosity doesn't refer to whether or not one is atheist or a believer, as one can believe in a religion but have low religiosity-- and the terms is slightly subjective. But some would calculate it by "rating prayer frequency, religious belief, importance, and church attendance," at least for Christians, according to this source.
I think that religion, especially evangelical christianity (which is responsible for most anti-evolution rhetoric and religious growth) is what makes the myth of the American Dream thrive. Having recently attended evangelical services and having watched a series of different evangelical shows, there is a big emphasis on self reliance. I'm not going to say that this is a bad thing, there is something to be said for responsibility for your own actions. What troubles me is the way that many evangelicals see wealth. They literally see it as a gift from god that can be attained through work and prayer. If you are impoverished, you aren't living in the light of Jesus. If you are wealthy, the poor are not living in the light of Jesus. It empowers the false myth that all people have an equal chance in America.
ReplyDeleteThat's interesting-- so you're essentially saying that, while Christianity does promote the American Dream very strongly, it also perpetuates the idea that anyone can become wealthy just by hard work, which is a myth. People then put the problems of SES divide on their own actions/shortcomings as a believer rather than looking at core/systematic things that have led to their lack of wealth. Applying this to the scientific observation, that lack of wealth then perpetuates belief in the religion, which starts things over again.
ReplyDeleteBut while Christianity promotes the American Dream strongly, if the American Dream were actually more possible/common, then Christian sects like Evangelicism would undoubtedly be a lot less popular, as less people would turn to it.
"would undoubtedly"
ReplyDeleteWell, that's a little extreme. *Might